Grammar - Grade 2 List View

Review these list items to study and edit your keyphrase and other memory aids.
Grammar Point

A Keyphrase should be a short phrase that brings to mind and helps to remember the information on this frame.
以上(は)いじょう(は)

since ..., seeing that ..., now that ..., once ...

after a verb

Verb informal form + 以上(は)

Used to connect two clauses to show a strong logical or natural consequence. It means 'since', 'now that', or 'as long as'. It implies that because the first statement is a fact, the second statement naturally follows as a duty or strong resolution.

Verb (Informal Form) + 以上(は)

Attaches directly to the informal plain form of verbs, in either present or past tense.


Since I made a promise, I will definitely keep it.

Now that you are participating, you should try your absolute best.

Noun + である + 以上(は)

When using a noun, the formal copula verb である is used before 以上(は) so that it functions as a verb.


Since you are a parent, it is natural to protect your child.

Note

The particle は is optional and simply adds emphasis. The sentence following this grammar point usually expresses the speaker's determination, obligation, advice, or judgment, often translating to concepts like 'must', 'should', or 'will'.



Radicals of radicals