particle indicating a command
Verb Dictionary Form / Verb ない Form +
This formation uses the sentence-ending particle
Verb Dictionary Form +
Expresses an affirmative command, meaning that someone should or must do the action specified.
部屋を掃除する
You must clean the room.
毎日野菜を食べる
You should eat vegetables every day.
Verb ない Form +
Expresses a negative command, meaning that someone should not or must not do the action specified.
廊下で走らない
Do not run in the hallway.
大事な書類を忘れない
You must not forget the important documents.
This grammar point is primarily used in written language, such as on signs, exam papers, or in rulebooks. It is generally not used in spoken conversation to give commands, especially to equals or superiors, because it sounds very authoritative and one-sided.
Verbal Noun + の
This formation connects an action noun directly to の
Attaches to a verbal noun (a noun that can typically take する to become a verb). It is highly formal and used mostly in official documents or written tests.
解答用紙に記入の
You must fill in the answer sheet.
火気厳禁の
Strictly no open flames allowed.
This construction is strictly for verbal nouns (nouns that imply an action). You cannot use regular object nouns with this structure to make a command. For example, '水の