to be the result (of), to be the outcome
Verb / Adjective +
This structure indicates that an action or event naturally leads to a certain outcome or situation. It translates to 'end up doing' or 'end up with' a specific situation.
Verb (Informal Non-past) +
Used with verbs to show that a situation leads to a specific action or event taking place as a result.
毎日残業する
End up working overtime every day.
試合を諦める
End up giving up on the match.
い-Adjective +
Used with い-Adjectives to indicate ending up in a state described by the adjective.
痛い
End up in a painful situation.
な-Adjective + な +
Used with な-Adjectives to indicate ending up in a certain state. Make sure to keep the な before
複雑な
End up with a complicated situation.
Do not confuse '
Noun + という
When attaching a noun directly to indicate an outcome or logical conclusion, 'という' is used to connect them. It means 'ends up as' or 'comes to mean that it is'.
Connects a noun to
契約違反という
It ends up being a breach of contract.
大成功という
It comes to mean that it is a huge success.
You cannot directly attach 'だ' (the informal copula) to '
Informal Sentence +
Used after a complete sentence to draw a logical conclusion from a given set of facts or a premise. It expresses 'In other words, it comes to mean that...'
Informal Sentence +
Used with verbs in the past tense or other informal sentence endings to declare what a situation logically implies.
彼が嘘をついた
It comes to mean that he lied.
Informal Sentence + という
Often used when the sentence ends in a noun or a な-Adjective to smoothly connect the logical conclusion.
会議は中止だという
It means that the meeting is cancelled.
This construction is highly useful for summarizing a situation. For example, if someone says they have no money, you can conclude: '買えないという