Grammar - Grade 2 List View

Review these list items to study and edit your keyphrase and other memory aids.
Grammar Point
particle
prt 
A Keyphrase should be a short phrase that brings to mind and helps to remember the information on this frame.
も~も

both A and B, A as well as B, neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)

as ＡもＢも

Verb ます stem / Verbal Noun + も + Verb ます stem / Verbal Noun + もする / もしない

This structure is used to present two actions performed by a subject, stating that they do both actions, or do neither action. It applies equally to the stems of regular verbs and verbal nouns.

Basic Construction

The most basic form attaching も to the ます stem of two verbs or two verbal nouns, followed by する for affirmative statements or しない for negative statements.

Both swim and dive.

Neither clean nor do laundry.

Extended Affirmative

Adds し, するし, or すれば after the first も to emphasize the addition of the second affirmative action.

Swim and also dive.

Clean and also do laundry.

Extended Negative

Adds せず, しないし, or しなければ after the first も to emphasize the negative state of both actions.

Do not swim and do not dive, either.

Do not clean and do not do laundry, either.

Note

When using the extended forms, the grammar emphasizes that not only does one action happen (or not happen), but the other also happens (or does not happen). Verbal nouns are simply nouns that describe an action and can become verbs by adding する (like 勉強 or 掃除). Regular nouns use the でも formation instead.

い-Adjective く form + も + い-Adjective く form + もある / もない

Used to describe two states using い-Adjectives that are either both present or both absent.

Basic Construction

Attaches も to the く form of two い-Adjectives, followed by ある for affirmative or ない for negative statements.

Both spacious and bright.

Neither hot nor cold.

Extended Negative

Adds なく, ないし, or なければ after the first も to emphasize that neither adjective applies.

Not spacious and not bright, either.

Not hot and not cold, either.

Note

When using い-Adjectives, always ensure you drop the final い and attach く before adding も. There is no extended affirmative construction commonly used for い-Adjectives in this specific grammar pattern.

な-Adjective stem / Noun + でも + な-Adjective stem / Noun + でもある / でもない

Used with な-Adjectives and regular nouns to state that someone or something is both of two things, or neither of two things.

Basic Construction

Attaches でも to two な-Adjective stems or nouns, followed by ある for affirmative or ない for negative statements.

Both convenient and simple.

Neither a dog nor a cat.

Extended Affirmative

Adds あり, あるし, or あれば after the first でも to emphasize that the subject is both things.

Convenient and also simple.

A doctor and also a scholar.

Extended Negative

Adds なく, ないし, or なければ after the first でも to emphasize that the subject is neither thing.

Not convenient and not simple, either.

Not a dog and not a cat, either.

Note

Both な-Adjectives and Nouns follow the exact same pattern here. Be sure to drop the な from な-Adjectives before attaching でも.

Words: 
も
Radicals of radicals